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Networking

Networking guides and tools: firewalls, VPNs, VLANs, MTU, subnets, SIP ports and diagnosing connectivity problems on servers.

IPv6 Subnet Calculator

Expand and compress IPv6 addresses, find the network, first and last address of any prefix, count /64 subnets and build the ip6.arpa PTR name.

September 29, 2026

VPN MTU Fragmentation: Fixes for Slow VPN Throughput

Find the real path MTU with ping and tracepath, spot ICMP black holes and PMTUD failures, set the right MTU and MSS clamping on WireGuard, OpenVPN and IPsec tunnels on Linux and pfSense, and measure the throughput gain with iperf3.

September 29, 2026

Set up a site-to-site WireGuard VPN between pfSense and OPNsense

Build a routed site-to-site WireGuard tunnel between a pfSense CE 2.9 firewall and an OPNsense 26.7 firewall, including key exchange, allowed IPs, interface assignment, static routes, firewall rules and a handshake check.

September 29, 2026

Map Network Drives with Group Policy: Drive Maps, Targeting and Fixes

Map department and home drives on Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 with Group Policy Preferences Drive Maps and item-level targeting, a logon script alternative, the EnableLinkedConnections fix for elevated apps and an Intune script for cloud devices.

September 29, 2026

Install OPNsense 26.7 and set up basic firewall and NAT rules

Install OPNsense 26.7 from the DVD or VGA image, assign WAN and LAN, complete the setup wizard, then build sane firewall rules, an outbound NAT policy and a port forward, and verify the result from both sides of the firewall.

September 29, 2026

Install pfSense CE 2.9 step by step with the network installer and ZFS

Walk through the pfSense CE 2.9.0 network installer from boot media to first WebGUI login, choosing WAN and LAN interfaces, ZFS on GPT, the stable branch and the advanced options that matter for a production firewall.

September 29, 2026

pfSense HAProxy with Let’s Encrypt: Reverse Proxy Setup

Publish several internal web applications behind one public IP on pfSense CE 2.9 using the HAProxy package for SNI-based routing and the ACME package for automatic Let's Encrypt certificates, with verification and renewal checks.

September 29, 2026

Cloudflare Error 521, 522 and 525 on cPanel: Fixes

Diagnose and resolve Cloudflare 521 (origin refused), 522 (connection timed out) and 525 (SSL handshake failed) on cPanel servers by checking CSF blocks, Apache status, origin certificates and the SSL mode, with commands to verify each fix.

September 29, 2026

Enable Remote Desktop with Group Policy: NLA, Firewall Rules and User Access

Turn on RDP for Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 computers with one GPO: allow connections, require Network Level Authentication, open the Remote Desktop firewall rules, manage Remote Desktop Users, optionally change the port, and do the same with Intune.

September 29, 2026

pfSense VLAN Setup with a Managed Switch: 2026 Guide

Create 802.1Q VLANs on pfSense CE 2.9, assign and address them, run DHCP per VLAN, write inter-VLAN firewall rules, and configure the trunk and access ports on a managed switch so each segment actually isolates traffic.

September 29, 2026

Cloudflare Tunnel (cloudflared): expose an internal service without opening ports

Install cloudflared on a Linux host, create a named tunnel, publish an internal web service on a public hostname with no inbound firewall rules, run it as a systemd service, add Cloudflare Access in front, and verify connectivity.

September 29, 2026

Windows DHCP Failover Between Two Servers: Reliable Setup

Set up DHCP failover on Windows Server 2019/2022/2025 in load balance or hot standby mode with the console or Add-DhcpServerv4Failover, secure the relationship with a shared secret, keep scopes in sync, and verify both partners are serving leases.

September 29, 2026

Free website test

Is your website set up right?

Check SSL, security headers, redirects, robots.txt, sitemap, llms.txt and security.txt in one test. It takes about 30 seconds.